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Table 1
Weed hosts of water melon mosaic virus 2 (WMV2) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) recorded in and around squash crops in Hawke’s Bay, with details of flowering and germination and aphid species found associated, 1996-2001 and recorded as associated in Spiller & Wise (1982).

Family, common name, genus and species

Annual
Biennial
Perennial
Over-winter

Seed germination
period

Flowering
period

Virus

Associated aphids

Amaranthaceae

Redroot

Amaranthus powellii S. Watson

A

spring-summer

Dec-Feb

WMV2, ZYMV

A. pisum,
M. euphorbiae,
M. persicae

Apiaceae/ Umbelliferae

Fennel

Foeniculum vulgare Miller

P

 

Nov-May

WMV2

C. eleagnii C. aegopodii
A. solani

wild carrot

Daucus carota L.

A-B

spring

Aug-May

WMV2

C. aegopodii

Hemlock

Conium maculatum L.

A-B

   

WMV2, ZYMV

 

Asteraceae

fleabane

Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh.

A P

 

Jan-Apr

ZYMV

 

hawks beard

Crepis spp.

A-B

 

Sep- Jan

WMV2 ZYMV

 

Oxtongue

Picris echioides L.

A-B

 

Jan- Mar

WMV2, ZYMV

M. euphorbiae
M. persicae (apt)
M.ornatus

rayless chamomile

Matricaria dioscoidea DC.

A

spring

Oct-May

WMV2, ZYMV

C. aegopodii
M. persicae (apt

sow thistle

Sonchus oleraceus L.

A

early summer

Nov-Jan

WMV2

H. lactucae, 
A. solani
M. rosae
M. persicae(apt)
U. sonchi(apt)
M. euphorbiae 
M. ornatus

wavy-leaved fleabane

Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq.

A-B

spring

Dec-May

WMV2, ZYMV

 

Brassicaceae

shepherd’s purse

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Med.

A-O

autumn
spring

Sep-Jan

WMV2

M. persica
M. euphorbiae
A. craccivora
M. ornatus
B. brassicae
L. erysimi
A. gossypii

twin cress

Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith

A

 

Nov-Jan

WMV2

B. brassicae
A. kondoi
A. craccivora
L. erysimi
A. malvae

wild turnip

Brassica rapa ssp sylvestris L.

A

 

Sep-Feb

WMV2

M. persicae(apt)
M. euphorbiae(apt)
L. erysimi,

Caryophyllaceae

Chickweed

Stellaria media (L.) Crillo

A-O r

all year

Sep-Feb

WMV2, ZYMV

M. persicae(apt)

Chenopodiaciae

fathen

Chenopodium album L.

A

   

WMV2, ZYMV

M. euphorbiae
C. aegopodii
M. persicae
B. helichrysi
A. solani
A. craccivora

Fabaceae

subterranean clover

Trifolium subterraneum L.

A

autumn

Sep-Feb

WMV2

A. craccivora
M. ornatus

Vetch

Vicia sativa L.

A

autumn

Aug-Jun

WMV2

A. gossypii 
M. persicae(apta)

             

white clover

Trifolium repens L.

P

autumn

Jul-Mar

WMV2, ZYMV

M. euphorbiae
A. craccivora
A. pisum
C. eleagnii
M. persicae(apt)
A. gossypii

Lamiaceae

stagger weed

Stachys arvensis (L.) L.

A

 

Jan-Dec

WMV2, ZYMV

 

horehound

Marrubium vulgare L.

P

 

Nov-Ma

WMV2

 

Malvaceae

creeping mallow

Modiola caroliniana (L.) G. Don

A

 

Oct-Mar

WMV2

 

large flowered mallow

Malva sylvestris L.

P

spring and autumn

Nov-Apr

ZYMV WMV2

 

small flowered mallow

Malva parviflora L.

A

 

Sep-Apr

WMV2, ZYMV

A. pisum
M. persicae (apt)
L. erysim
A. ma;vae(apt)
A. pisum (apt)
A .kondoi (apt)

Plantaginaceae

broad-leaved plantain

Plantago major L.

P

spring
autumn

Jul-Apr

WMV2

 

Polygonaceae

broad-leaved dock

Rumex obtusifolius L.

P

spring

Jul-Apr

WMV2

 

Ranunculaceae

hairy buttercup

Ranuculus sardous Crantz.

A

autumn

Nov-Feb

ZYMV

M. persicae,(apt)
C. aegopodii

 

Rubiaceae

Cleavers

Galium aparine L.

A

spring
autumn

Jul-Mar

WMV2, ZYMV

M. dihrodum
M. euphorbiae (apt)
M. cerasi (apt)
A. pisum
A. kondoi
A. gossypii
M. persicae (apt)

field madder

Sheradia arvensis L.

A

spring
autumn

Jan-Dec

WMV2

M. euphorbiae

Scrophulariaceae

scrambling speedwell

Veronica persica Poiret

A

 

Jan-Dec

WMV2

B. helichrysi
M. persicae(apt)
M. euphorbiae (apt)
C. aegopodii (apt)

Solanaceae

black nightshade

Solanum nigrum L.

A-P

spring

Oct-May

WMV2

A. solani 
M. euphorbiae

lily of the valley vine

Salpichroa organifolia (Lam.) Thell.

P

 

Jan-Dec

WMV2

 

thorn apple

Datura stromonium L.

A

summer

Nov-Apr

WMV2

 

Spiller & Wise (1982). A catalogue 1860-1960 of NZ insects and their host plants DSIR Bulletin 231

 

 
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